Costing Methods free essay sample

There are various ways organizations use to plan bookkeeping proclamations. Ingestion costing is one of the announcements used to by organizations to get ready bookkeeping proclamations to fulfill outside gatherings. Variable costing is utilized by organizations to oversee better and the two strategies have focal points and drawbacks. In this costing technique paper, a conversation on whether to utilize retention costing or variable costing will be examined. Additionally advantages of the two strategies and the strategy that will prompt the best choice when a contender presents a lower offer for the company’s item will be talked about. Would it be smarter to Use Variable or Absorption Costing Method? The way toward utilizing assimilation costing strategy utilizes bit of a company’s fixed overhead expenses to the assembling item cost. When utilizing the procedure a for each unit procedure is utilized and isolate the quantity of fixed expenses with the quantity of units made and sold over the period. We will compose a custom paper test on Costing Methods or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The variable costing process utilizes fixed overhead as opposed to utilizing the per-unit process. Variable costing will incorporate all the provisions, and crude materials and all fixed overhead for the period. Utilizing variable costing technique would be better in light of the fact that the organization pays for stock that is away and when the stock is sold the come will have additional salary since all costs will have been paid during the record time frame when the stock was available (Kimmel, etal. , 2009). Advantages of the Two Methods Variable costing strategy furnishes organizations with a more clear image of steady expenses inside a particular item. It likewise gives organization makers and budgetary faculty with a precise portrayal of what has gone into the expense of creating an item. Assimilation costing technique gives an away from of an item cost since it incorporates producing overhead expenses. Additionally retention costing technique can be utilized as a bookkeeping apparatus to expand overall gain by moving fixed assembling overhead from the pay articulation to the accounting report by expanded creation volume lopsidedly to deals volume (Wilkson, 2011). Technique to Use that prompts best Decision when a Competitor offers lower for Product Using the variable costing strategy will be the best choice in light of the fact that an assimilation costing strategy for the most part shows a swelled value (Johnston, 2009).

Sex Workers the Legalization of Prostitution Free Essays

Iya Clarke Mrs. Peacock 4 December Sex Workers: The Legalization of Prostitution, one of the most dubious employments made, is frequently venerated as perhaps the least occupation of the vocation chain of command. Sex laborers are tallied out and their voices are once in a while, if at any point, tuned in to, however no longer should sex laborers be disregarded. We will compose a custom paper test on Sex Workers: the Legalization of Prostitution or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now They are individuals as well and have a great deal to offer the America. Different nations have sanctioned prostitution and it has essentially become a piece of the way of life, not, at this point looked downward on. Maybe, the U. S. hould return to the activity of sex working, and if marks of shame and decisions about the field were evacuated and prostitution was seen with impartial eyes, at that point the positive parts of sanctioning could be thought of. Sex is basically another ware that can be purchased and sold, much the same as whatever else that is exchanged, and ought to be treated all things considered. With specific limitations, if whorehouses were assigned for specific spots, had their own region outside the significant urban communities, it could help elevate an overlooked network. With specific guidelines and laws set up, sex laborers, however society as enormous can profit. Sex laborers are not harming anybody and ought to be permitted to do what they love. the Declaration of Independence it plainly expresses that, â€Å"We hold these realities to act naturally obvious, that all men are made equivalent, that they are invested by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the quest for Happiness. † So on the off chance that sex laborers are cheerful carrying out their responsibility, at that point who is the administration to attempt to prohibit it? Undermining is their method of picking up life, freedom and it is their own method of tightening satisfaction. On the off chance that sex laborers are doing what they love, not harming anybody, and undermining in a protected way then the main moral activity is to authorize it. In any case, the main explanation this won't occur is a result of the negative disgrace appended to it. Authorizing prostitution would standardize it and the secret about sex laborers would rapidly disperse. Be that as it may, in the event that it turned out to be only a customary activity, at that point a ton of the no-no charm about it would be lost. After a specific measure of time most Americans would get unconcerned with the issue, like how the Dutch presently see prostitution. As indicated by Melanie Abrams of History Today, â€Å"research has demonstrated that 74 percent of the Dutch populace views prostitution as an adequate activity and prostitution has been legitimate in the Netherlands since 2000. † If prostitution is standardized than generalizations and decisions will diminish about the laborers, causing them to feel less shunned from society and help to make a more extravagant spot with differing gatherings of individuals. The United States professes to be a tolerant spot, a â€Å"melting pot,† of a wide range of individuals with various thoughts and ways of life, so why sex laborers be put on the edges of society? Such a large number of sex laborers are exploited and manhandled truly, yet on the off chance that prostitution was sanctioned than not the same number of lady would be harmed. Regular sex laborers are beaten and manhandled, and the instinct who should stop this kind of conduct, the police, is frequently a principle culprit of it. The police utilize the force in their activity title to pressure the ladies into illegal sexual acts with the goal that they aren’t captured and brought to prison. Sex laborers live in dread of the potential dangers from their clients and dangers from the overseeing power, the police. Sanctioning prostitution would assist with wiping out maltreatment from both of these gatherings since prostitution would be viewed as a genuine activity. Similarly as different employments have laws to guarantee the insurance of them, sex laborers would be conceded similar rights. The laborers would have the option to defend themselves and not be hesitant to get out the individuals who exploit them. Additionally, the innumerable assessment dollars spent on getting sex laborers and holding them in prison could be utilized for something increasingly helpful. Since truly, if a sex laborer truly makes the most of their activity, they are simply going to return out in the city. This will just energize a thick cycle, that will never at any point stop, and basically squander cash that should be utilized in something increasingly significant. The spread of STDs, if prostitution was legitimized, would diminish, because of required testing. Perhaps the biggest dread about sex laborers is that the spread an enormous number of illnesses to their clients since they don't need to utilize insurance. Be that as it may, on the off chance that prostitution was sanctioned, at that point a framework could be set up to check the spread of STDs and STIs. The laborers would need to be checked intermittently to guarantee the spread of ailments diminished, rather than laborers who don't need to keep any principles, since they are taking an interest in an illicit business. In parts of Australia, where prostitution is legitimate, sex laborers â€Å"undergo standard assessments for STIs. In the event that these tests are not done, the massage parlor won't grant the sex specialist to work,† and in Queensland, Australia, â€Å"sex laborers in houses of ill-repute are required to wear a prophylactic during a sexual movement. Therefore, Australian sex laborers currently have an extremely low occurrence of STI’s. † With numerous employments individuals need to go experience certain prerequisites whether it is intermittently tranquilize testing, or getting a personal investigation. Whore will carry out their responsibility, lawful or not, so forcing a path for it to be done in solid way, must be to improve things and help to control the spread of undesirable STDs and STIs. On the off chance that whores turned into a lawful, at that point sex laborers could support the economy. Similarly likewise with some other activity, whores would turn into a piece of the expense paying populace. As opposed to making all the cash under the table, which is their main thing currently, sex laborers could help the Unites States out of the financial downturn of the previous scarcely any years. They could have a crucial influence in assisting with mitigating the billions of obligation that the United States is in envision the a large number of unpaid assessment dollars that is being disregarded every year since prostitution isn't viewed as a â€Å"real work. † Finally, the United States need to comprehend that prostitution is as a genuine of work as any and free themselves of the decisions that have been in the way of life for quite a long time. Truly, a portion of the laborers are pressured into selling themselves in the city, yet there is likewise a level of the lady appreciate the work. A few ladies appreciate the rush, or basically appreciate engaging in sexual relations. It is their body, so who is the administration to instruct them with it; what not to do with it? In the event that the administration had the option to see past these decisions, at that point America would be a superior spot for it. The spread of undesirable STIs and STDs would diminish inside this field, millions; perhaps billions of dollars could be made by burdening the work. Also, the incredible blend, which is spoken so affectionately of, would turn out to be considerably progressively differing and tolerating of individuals. What's more, there is no legitimate purpose behind it not to be legitimized. A large portion of the explanations behind why undermining is illicit needs to manage ethics. In any case, on the off chance that individuals don't care for sex work, at that point they don't need to take an interest in it, at the end of the day it isn't their choice to make. In the event that the sex laborers are of the lawful age, have settled on this choice all alone, without being constrained or forced, at that point they ought to have the option to do what fulfills them. That’s every single a great many people look for, what fulfills them, so everybody ought to have the option to encounter that without being dealt with frightfully and managing the consistent mistreatment from the general public from which they live in. Works Cited Abrams, Melanie. â€Å"City Of (Red) Lights. † History Today 59. 11 (2009): 6-7. Scholarly Search Complete. Web. 4 Dec. 2011. Sullivan, Barbara. â€Å"When (Some) Prostitution Is Legal: The Impact Of Law Reform On Sex Work In Australia. † Journal Of Law Society 37. 1 (2010): 85-104. Sociological Collection. Web. 5 Dec. 2011. Step by step instructions to refer to Sex Workers: the Legalization of Prostitution, Papers

How did the abolitionists proposals and methods differ from those of Essay

How did the abolitionists proposition and techniques contrast from those of prior abolitionist developments - Essay Example This examination will start with the investigation of the distinction between abolitionists’ recommendations and prior abolitionist developments. The abolitionist technique was centered around making bondage an ethical issue. The abolitionist bondage development was broadly sloppy before 1833. A wide cluster of social orders were dispersed, for example, Pennsylvania Abolition Society and New York City Manumission Society. This development was bolstered by the Federal Government. To extraordinary degree, the abolitionist development was effective however it confronted exacting resistance from abolitionists. Freedom Party and Foreign and American Anti-Slavery Society were built up to convey forward such abolitionist development. There were incredible desires from both ideological groups, for example, Whigs and Democrats. The abolitionist development was all the more a strict development that started from Protestantism. The prior abolitionist development was completely founded on republican estimations of uniformity and freedom. Abolitionists’ proposition was slanted towards review bondage as a wrongdoing and the slave proprietors as heathens. The abolitionist technique had procured higher vitality from Second Great Awakening. According to the abolitionist proposition, the demonstration of subjugation is viewed as good sin in Christianity. Subsequently such act required prompt cancelation as opposed to devouring additional time as if there should arise an occurrence of prior abolitionist development. Threatening vibe was seen in North and South because of the abolitionist development. Servitude was profoundly extraordinary in North and South. These districts were at that point exposed to abolitionist development. Slaves were sold in South and for the most part blacks were impacted to show subjugation. The new law being passed with the help of abolitionist development endeavored to offer opportunity to numerous slaves. Northern subjugation was very ne arly being abrogated thus there was antagonistic vibe seen in those locales. African Americans were seen as the most impressive pundits in setting of bondage. Prompt abolitionism during the 1830s raised restriction from South and North.

Different Types of Visual Representation Analysis Essay Samples

Different Types of Visual Representation Analysis Essay SamplesVisual representation analysis is often useful in essay writing. In addition to being visually pleasing, the essay is a good test of a writer's ability to both create a compelling and interesting piece of writing and to understand how the material being presented is structured. The essay can be a powerful tool for teaching and evaluating students' understanding of material and it can help teachers and students both recognize the most appropriate writing style for the essay.There are many different ways to use visual representation analysis in a classroom setting. The first example is the use of visual writing examples. Students can choose from a large selection of popular essay examples to use as visual representation examples. The examples typically display the writing style or topic at hand in a much more entertaining way than a traditional written essay would. For example, in a typical written essay on foreign language s, the essay writer might describe an example in English of a way to say 'Hello,' with a translation of the word 'hi' into one of the spoken languages.The results of visual representation analysis for the essay writer are not usually known to the reader. In fact, some students may even have difficulty understanding the writing in the sample because it appears to be too straightforward. However, students will see something that is visually interesting, which will help them to remember the subject matter in their minds.The second example of visual representation analysis in a classroom setting is by using visual essay samples. These samples are designed for the entire class rather than the student. For example, in an algebra class, students will likely see a photo of a formula from a textbook.Students are unlikely to memorize the formula, but students are likely to see it in action in the photo. Students who see the formula will have a better understanding of the formula than students who see only the photo. The instructor can also use these examples as learning tools bygiving students exercises in applying the formula. Students are likely to remember the concept better when they get a practical application of the concept than when they merely look at the pictures or picturesque objects.A third example of the visualization technique can be seen in worksheets. Many educators have found that they can accomplish more with worksheets than with many academic textbooks. For example, a worksheet can teach the student how to do a task using the power of numbers. This can be difficult to do if the student does not understand how to count. The worksheet can be used to teach students the power of the number system and this can lead to students doing more math in their own classrooms and improving their skills for future studies.The writing samples and the worksheets are just two examples of visual representation analysis used in essay writing. These examples are very usefu l for teaching and learning. There are many more visual representation examples and worksheets to use in teaching.

Solar Energy in Kazakhstan Essay - 2286 Words

Introduction In 21st century almost all devices work with electricity. Electricity makes activity of people easier and more comfortable. Moreover, it plays a great role in development of medicine, science, education, transport and other spheres of human’s life. However, electricity production is becoming more and more problematic because the biggest part of energy for electricity is produced by natural resources, which are neither infinite nor renewable. It means that one day mineral reserves can run out, and, as a result, there will be risk of possible energy crisis. This situation stimulates humanity to transfer to renewable power system. Countries around the world are promoting sustainable energy policies, particularly to reduce†¦show more content†¦Moreover, there are almost 3000 hours of sunshine per year, while energy from solar radiation is 1500-1800 kW/m2/year (Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) 1997). Despite the very appropriate conditions for realizatio n of solar energy, this resource is little used. So, Kazakhstan should pay attention to the adoption of renewable energy-supply system to the daily life and make a compelling choice between photovoltaic technology of converting sunlight into usable form and concentrated solar thermal plants in an economically and environmentally advantageous way. Hence, this paper will evaluate to what extent is solar energy suitable and viable source of carbon-free energy for Kazakhstan. Also different types of technologies necessary to make the conversion of solar energy into electricity will be examined, particularly concentrated solar power will be considered as a possible solution to the existing situation and possible energy problems in Kazakhstan. Main Body Dependence on coal, oil and gas and other natural resources pose a threat to the future with air pollution, changes in climate and economic instability due to the fluctuations of fuel prices. Instead of wagering on unreliable fuel materials, people should learn how to use planet’s infinite sources of renewable energy effectively. Solar energy is recognized as the most promising alternative energy in the world. The popularity of sunlight energy is attributed with inexhaustibility ofShow MoreRelatedWe Needs Energy For A Successful Existence Essay1502 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The humanity needs energy for a successful existence. However, the amount of fossil fuel is decreasing every day. Proved global reserves of oil and gas, at current rates of consumption, would be adequate to meet demand for another 40 and 60 years, respectively. Moreover, using of traditional sources of energy causes the greenhouse gases emission. 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RTGs can explore further into space because they do not have to rely on solar power from the sun thus forwarding education of aerospace exploration an importantRead MoreThe Advent Of Industrialization Was Marked By Increased1526 Words   |  7 Pagesby the large-scale exploitation of alternative sources of energy that were more efficient but also increased urbanization and the large-scale exploitation of raw materials most of which were provided by nature. Such changes continuously ha d an increase in the degradation of the environment, particularly so as nations competed to outsmart each other in the and be the forefront in large scale production of products. The exploitation of energy sources such coal in industries and automobiles resulted

Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventually settled down at the age of 35 and had a family. He married Olivia Langdon on February 2, 1870 and was the father to their four children, Langdon, Susy, Clara, and Jean Clemens. The family would reside in Hartford, Connecticut, a mere 60 miles from the town of Redding where Twain would die at the age of 75. Twain received his first job as an apprentice to the publisher of the Missouri Courier. In 1851, a year after his father’s death, Twain began working for his brother Orion. Twain did various things from setting type, drawing sketches, and even taking over as editor in Orion’s absence. Twain left the town of Hannibal in 1853 and worked for papers in New York, Philadelphia and the small town of Keokuk, Iowa. At the age of 21 Twain traveled to New Orleans to seek passage on a boat bound for South America. Twain’s trip to New Orleans did not turn out as planned. Instead of sailing to South America Twain would meet a man named Horace Bixby. Twain was able to persuade Bixby, the pilotShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates c haracters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. 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Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1773 Words   |  8 PagesKnowing about Mark Twain’s work, personal life and family it is clear he is a champion of racial equality. During the most racial times of America he wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn a book setting in a 1830s southern American so ciety. Twains delivers the story with all the traditions and customs of an American society. Twain tries to show the wrongness in society, focusing racism and equality. By doing this Mark Twain and his work was both alleged to be racist. The irony is most of the reading

What are the three common causes of Car Accidents free essay sample

Car accidents can happen to drivers anytime anywhere. Every day in the United States about 115 people die in car accidents. The number of car accidents that occurs on a daily basis in massive because of many reasons. Impairment in this case is the main reason for car accidents but drivers distraction and traffic conditions are also influenced. The first reason for car accidents is impairment which causes accidents to happen. Many people are not aware how dangerous getting into a car accident is. It can lead to several unwanted consequences, including permanent injuries, loss of earnings etc. Illegal drug use also result in car accidents. People who are not aware of their surroundings and those who are under the influences of this type of drugs are likely to be more susceptible to lose awareness of everything around them. Another example of drug impairment is prescription drugs. Did you know that you can be arrested because of certain drugs medications? Some people dont drink but do take other medications, including tranquilizers, sedatives, allergy these types of medications that can cause drowsiness, dizziness and sometimes numbness must be handled carefully. We will write a custom essay sample on What are the three common causes of Car Accidents? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What I suggest is if you are taking this type of medication and feel one of these symptoms, you might not be able to drive on your own and you should let someone else drive for you or opt to take a taxi. Driver distractions are the principal cause of most auto accidents. As a result people get injured or die. Texting while driving is now a big problem in the United States. We are living in a society where time is our crueler enemy and we all want to save time by doing many things at the same time. We can make a call while driving to our way home or work, but texting could be more dangerous because all your concentration it is off of the road, focusing in another direction. The same thing happens when ladies are doing their make up in the car. They are not alert enough to the traffic and it is here when they are exposed to accidents happening. They are putting their and the lives of others at risk. One other thing that could distract you from controlling the steering wheel is driving and talking to the pasanger. Let say you and your wife are arguing because she did not wake up early and the kids are running late to school. Your stress and anger about that situation make you lose concentration on driving because you are trying to process so much information into your mind. A conversation causes you to lose deconcentration on the road while talking and seeing the passenger’s face. Traffic conditions can also lead to serious car accidents on the road. Bad weather conditions could affect the ability of drivers to lose control of their vehicle due to slick road surfaces. When driving in rain, snow, ice, sleet or fog visibility and road conditions are significantly more dangerous. Congestion is another factor that cause car accidents, the excessive amount of traffic on the streets make difficult for people to either see well or it and impatience so on their attempt to avoid the traffic they get into a car crash. Excessive speed is also very important to mention because it can lead to fatalities. We see this more in young men who put their lives at risk on the road by racing cars. The causes of car accidents are critical to understand. Impairment , distractions and traffic are the major reasons that car accidents happen. i think that we all are responsible for our own driving but I also think that with good strategies and with the participation of both government and individual, we can easily overcome these driving challenge.

Effects of Social Groups on Personality and Behavior Essay Example

Effects of Social Groups on Personality and Behavior Paper Sociology social groups Social groups an Important feature throughout life, your own social group could potentially decide how you were viewed by others and could affect personality and behavior as most humans crave the acceptance and good standing a group brings. There were moments in my life where although I didnt completely agree with what my social was doing the influence that they exerted bested my own moral Judgments. During elementary school my group of 5 or 6 boys always felt like we ran the school, tit our own prestigious little group we had gathered the coolest kids to be a part of, in order to gain good standing in this group you had to be exceptionally cruel to other students, although I didnt agree with it at first I quickly learned to throw that aside to be accepted. One case was making fun of a boy who was handicapped, I didnt really want to do It but I was at a point where I was the leader of my group so as to not be ostracizes I Joined in and didnt think about till years later where I realized how wrong I was. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Social Groups on Personality and Behavior specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Social Groups on Personality and Behavior specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Social Groups on Personality and Behavior specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The power of my group led me to behave immorally but once I gained good standing I used my power to possibly cause others to behave Immorally. I remember living in what many would consider to be the ghetto earlier in my childhood; gangs littered the streets of my small neighborhood, shady drug dealers and their drudge counterparts were in abundance, and my mom never wanted me outside. Although cops frequented my neighborhood occasionally harassing one of the teens nothing serious ever truly happened until someone brutally attacked another person over a dispute about money or something similar. I was outside at he time against my mothers wishes playing with friends when I saw a man being chased by 2 officers, all my friends followed so I went along. Although the memory Is hazy now I remember the man being tackled and beaten by the two officers for a very long time. The officers beat the man because of the length of the chase and the violent crime he committed to assert their authority, the length and severity of the beating to them is a normal reaction while to a bystander such as me and my friends a beating of that nature is unwarranted and excessive.

Discuss the Marketing Environment Essay Example

Discuss the Marketing Environment Essay Example Discuss the Marketing Environment Paper Discuss the Marketing Environment Paper The Marketing Environment consists of a complex set of interacting forces and influences outside the marketing department of an organization. The Marketing Environment affects the organizations ability to build and maintain mutually beneficial relationships with its target customers. Through continuous monitoring its Marketing Environment a company must be able to anticipate change and act in a pro active way rather than leaving it to a reactive reaction. It must also keep up to date by realizing any effective changing forces. It does this by monitoring SOOT I. . Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Obviously wanting to maximize on Strengths and Opportunities and eliminate Weaknesses and Threats. Marketers must use marketing intelligence and market research when monitoring the Marketing Environment. The Marketing Environment can be divided into two main categories; the Micro and the Macro Environment. The Micro Environment This can also be divided. Internal Environment a nd Forces close to the organization. The Internal Environment. This consists of Top Management and Other departments. The Top management is responsible for setting the organizations overall session, objectives, strategies and policies to guide all the organizations departments and employees. The success of the company is dependent on the competence of the Top managers. Other departments must co-ordinate their efforts as to maximize potential and avoid conflicts. The smoother the departments work together the better the overall outcome is going to be. All employees should realize the importance of being market-orientated and of delivering customer satisfaction. Forces close to the organization. This consists of Competitors, Marketing Intermediaries, Suppliers of resources, Customers and Publics. Competitors: must offer superior value satisfaction than their competitors and make it widely known throughout the target market. Companies must make an effort to attract their target customers and retain them by delivering customer satisfaction. These companies must watch their competitors closely as to retain their market share and maybe win some of the competitors market share. Marketing Intermediaries: These are firms that assist the company hiring them to promoter sell and distribute its products to target customers. Resellers will help find target customers or sell to them. Transportation firms help companies stock and transport goods. Agencies providing marketing services are marketing research agencies, advertising agencies, and marketing consulting firms. Financial intermediaries are organizations that will sell financial services to companies. Suppliers of resources: A company must be very careful as to watch for any changes (shortages, delays, labor strikes etc) as they are damaging to the companies sales and reputation. The organization is as efficient as its suppliers. Customers: Firstly a company must identify its target market. Then develop he right ups to build long term customer relationships. An organizations target customers may be part of different markets. Consumer markets which are people who buy for personal use, these are called final consumers. Business Markets are companies that buy goods or services in order to use them for production in order to resell at a profit, these are called business customers. Government markets rent goods or services to carry out the main functions of the government. Institutional markets are schools hospitals that provide goods or services to those in the organization. International markets are any of the customer markets but are situated overseas. Each market has its own particular features. Organizations must study the market/ s to which they are selling to so as to understand its/their characteristics; including the way buying decisions are made. Publics: are groups that have an actual or potential interest in or on the companies ability to achieve its objectives. These publics include Media, Financial, Local, Internal, General, Citizen Action, or Government. The Macro Environment The Macro Environment can be considered as forces. These forces can be plait into four categories: Demographic forces, Natural forces, Political forces and Social forces. Demographic Forces This is the study of the population. Demographic trends include Growing world population, Ageing population, Increasing Diversity, Changes in family structure, and a more Educated population. Growing world population: The number of needs increases as the population increases. These increased needs backed by purchasing power create market opportunities. These opportunities must be exploited. Ageing population: If the older segment of the population increases opportunities for companies that target this segment of the market. Likewise it creates threats companies that target a young market. These companies can react by offering a product suitable for an older market on top of their original product. Increasing diversity: The nationality and racial make up of the country/sees where they are selling their products should be considered. Peoples wants are generally due to their nationality or race. Due to advancements in technology and transportation this has and is likely to continue increasing. Changes in family structure: Nowadays families have gotten smaller. This means that the usual budget for food etc is obviously going to get smaller I. E. With a higher standard of living an increase in purchases of various products is probable. Women working have also increased so with money in their pocket a new segment of potential customers has been created. There is also a shift in husband and wife roles so now household products should also be aimed at husbands as well as wives. A more educated population: As a result of this the demand for quality products, book, formal clothing etc has increased. Natural Forces These are forces to do with natural resources. These forces can be split into four categories: Raw material shortage, Increased pollution, Increased government intervention and Environmentalism. Raw Material Shortage: Non renewable resources pose a serious threat. Companies face problems such as increasing costs and protests. Some day theyll have to find substitute materials to use in production. Renewable resources also pose a problem if depletion rate supersedes its renewal rate. Companies using these resources face the same problems. Seemingly infinite resources are being destroyed due to pollution. Companies causing such arm face bad word Of mouth and a bad reputation. Increased pollution: This poses a health as well as other threats to the general society. These industries must face bad word of mouth. Increased government intervention: This intervention in resource management varies across countries. Government laws and regulations must be monitored by companies as to not break laws and face consequences. Environmentalism: These cause pressure; sometimes so much that they actually damage a companys reputation and influence government intervention. Now companies go beyond and develop a plan that is known as n environmentally sustainable strategy and develop ecologically safer products. Political Forces These are forces such as laws, government agencies and pressure groups. These forces vary with country and possibly time. There job is to protect organizations from each Other, consumers from Organizations and their deceptive practices etc, and society as a whole. Businesses are not only limited by laws and regulations but ethical and social codes are also considered. Most Businesses adopt the Societal Marketing Concept. Economic Forces These are forces that affect consumers spending ability and spending tatters. These are split into Changes in Average Income, Changes in Income Distribution, and Changing Consumer Spending Patterns. Changes in Average Income: means that a high average income level by means of a raise can lead to an increase in demand for quality products and a fall for cheaper, more inferior products. Obviously a fall in average income can lead to the opposite. Companies must therefore be very aware of the changing in incomes and adjust to the accordingly. Changes in Income Distribution: The segments are rich, middle income, and low income and people living on welfare. These segments sizes are likely to change over time. Once again the company must be monitoring this to spot changes to identify the trends in its target markets. Companies can choose to offer two or more variations of their product in order to satisfy all parts of the Income Distribution chain ex. Books. Changing Consumer Spending Patterns: Patterns are changing every day. As income increases products such as food etc are spent on less than housing, transportation etc. This is what help businesses decide on whether to expand in the same line of products or find an alternative line. Cultural Forces Beliefs and values are divided into: core beliefs and values and beliefs which are difficult to change, and secondary beliefs and values which are easier to change. A company must either find a way of adjusting its product to fit the core beliefs and values or try and change the secondary beliefs through marketing activities etc. These beliefs are mainly attributes of ones society. A person holds views on: 1 . Her/himself people buy products that match their personalities. 2. Other people people want to interact with society, therefore there is a demand for rodents that improve their relationships with others ex. Clubs etc. 3. Various institutions a positive attitude towards an institution means that people will trust this institution. Companies do this buy adopting the Societal Marketing Concept. 4. His/her society people prefer buying products made in their own company. 5. The natural environment if people feel close to nature a demand in products such as health food will increase. I. E. If the company harms the environment this will reflect badly. 6. The universe and spirituality if religious convictions and practice falls, tribalism takes over. If it doesnt fall companies promote their products with a spiritual theme. Any organization needs to research such views and adjust each of the ups accordingly. Technological Forces A new technology implies new market opportunities for some organizations and threats for others.

Educational Enquiry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Educational Enquiry - Assignment Example These practices are related to different situations under which learning takes place. They have two common practices: one is the cultural and historical activity systems, which is consisted with the work of Engestrom (2001), and the other is the communities of practices, which is consisted with the works of Lave and Wenger (1991) and Wenger (1998). Their study has supported the rational property of learning. But it has also noted that this rationality is variable in nature. The authors have not seen learning as a separate process; rather, it is interconnected with other concepts and processes. And learning is just the integrating part of the entire social processes of the world. This was the same view pointed out by Lave and Wenger. The basic reason for this finding was pointed out by the authors as the fact that people’s participating practices or activities are the main focus of such accounts. In this context they have argued that learning is embodied. It is viewed that bein g engaged in practices and learning people always get more benefits, compared to any cognitive activity. Their study is about people physically doing things and emotionally reacting to things. In this context, the major focus has been on the concept, called informal learning. This concept is also related to the observation of the property of most participatory studies to be placed outside educational institutions (Hodkinson and Macleod, 2007). Their study has found that it is foremost important to implement participatory learning approaches in colleges, although it cannot be claimed as the second best, compared to the style and pattern of everyday learning. The authors have argued that it is possible to implement both the approaches of learning at the same time and at the same place. In this way they have suggested to overcome the problems of integrating people into theories of learning, that focus on the situations under which learning is taking place (Hodkinson and Macleod, 2007, pp.173-174) But their main focus was on the methodological problems. In this regard, their study has shown that the benefits acquired from the participatory learning generally marginalise the individual learning. The paper also pointed out the similarity between the two types of conceptualisation of learning: one is the research approach based, non-case studies, also called the ethnographic approach, and the other is the participatory approach. Some of the implications of this similarity have also been discussed in the paper (Hodkinson and Macleod, 2007, p.174). They have argued that the individual researches have the advantage of revealing the facts related to both formal and informal learning, whereas it is very difficult to understand both the approaches in case of the participatory learning procedure. This is the most important strength of the research based approaches. Another important fact regarding this approach relates to the observation that ethnographies give less reliabl e conclusions compared to the learning processes, as ethnographies concentrate only on short time frames, whereas learning approaches focused on long time spans covering the entire life’s experiences (Hodkinson and Macleod, 2007, pp.174-175). According to authors, constructivist literature explains learning as a cognitive structure. In this

THE ROLE OF NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION(NGOs) IN THE FORMULATION OF Essay

THE ROLE OF NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION(NGOs) IN THE FORMULATION OF EFFECTIVE MARITIME POLICIES - Essay Example NGOs influence the formulation of maritime policy through the various roles they play in the society. The marine policy is the sector of private and public policies that looks into marine conservation and protection (Roe, 2013, p.411). In respect to the system, they are established in accordance with both national and international laws and regulation. Also, it requires consideration of maritime labor, ocean laws, policy, and managements as well as maritime security and defense. The Integrated Maritime Policy endeavors to provide a more logical approach to marine issues, which improves coordination between diverse policy areas (Roe, 2013, p. 413). First, the plan focuses on the issues that are not covered under one sector-based policy, for instance, blue growth that checks on economic growth in relation to various maritime sectors. Second, it deals with issues that need the coordination of dissimilar sectors and actors, for example, maritime knowledge and data. The other areas of concern include maritime spatial planning, integrated maritime surveillance and sea basin strategies. In exploring the roles and goals of NGOs towards the maritime policy formulation, this essay focuses on four NGOs. First, we have the Greenspace NGO. Secondly, the essay focuses on the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). The International Union For The Conservation Of Nature (IUCN) is the third NGO. Finally, the essay will explore the Green Reef NGO. These NGOs have their areas of specification in relation to International Maritime Organization (IMO) requirements. IMO fights for the conservation of the sea and ocean waters as well as the aquatic life in those waters (International Maritime Organization, 2011, p. 4). Greenspace NGO, established in the year 2003, operates mainly in the Americas’ territories in the United States (Douglas & James, 2015, p. 462). Greenspace, NCR, Inc. refers to a non-profit

IOP on Glass, Eyes, and Doll’s Essay Example for Free

IOP on Glass, Eyes, and Doll’s Essay Imagery; vivid descriptive language that appeals to one or more of the senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste). The first impression of a person that someone gets will always color the image of the person. Everything about how someone looks and acts creates how that person is viewed by others. But when this image is controlled by others or the person just isn’t strong enough to show their true self, their identity is twisted into something almost unrecognizable. Henrik Ibsen, Zora Neale Hurston, and Tennessee Williams use the imagery connected with their lead female characters to show how society tries to put individuals down with false generalizations to hide women’s identities. The authors use the imagery of clothing to address how family members try to mold the women below them in power to their image of their character. For the Sternbergs fancy dress ball Torvald want’s his wife Nora to dress up, â€Å" and Torvald wants me to go as a Neapolitan fisher-girl,† (Ibsen 37). The Neapolitan fisher girls are girls from Naples, Italy often thought of as possessing a very classic Grecian beauty. These fisher girls have been subjects of many works of art such as paintings and statues. With Torvald making Nora dress up as a Neapolitan fisher girl he is making her into something beautiful and to be appraised like a piece of art. This image of Nora being beautiful like a painting is Torvald’s way of putting Nora beneath him. He dresses her up and parade’s her among their friends while all the while taking ownership of her beauty. Nora doesn’t get to choose what she wears to this ball and she is not recorded saying a word to anyone a t the party. Torvald even commands Nora to leave the party after she has finished her dance as he doesn’t want anyone being near her. Nora’s identity is lost in the imagery of her Neapolitan fisher-girl costume and Torvald’s control of her dress. By the same token Janie in Their Eyes Were Watching God is forced to wear head rags by her husband Joe. â€Å"The business of the head-rag irked her endlessly. But Jody was set on it. Her hair was NOT going to show in the store,† (Hurston 55). The imagery of Janie’s head-rags suggests that she is Joe’s property. Janie’s hair is her personal symbol of power,strength, and identity. Joe by making Janie cover her hair up in head-rags is symbolically stifling Janie’s power and identity. Without her individuality Janie is nothing but what Joe makes out of her, which is his wife. And society too will only see Janie’s image as Joe makes her image to be . Laura from The Glass Menagerie is also suffered to a similar fate as Nora and Janie as her mother forces her to wear chest enhancements. â€Å"‘Now take a look at yourself. No, wait! Wait just a moment- I have an idea!’ Amanda produces two powder puffs which she wraps in handkerchiefs and stuffs in Laura’s bosom. ‘Mother, what are you doing? They’re called gay deceivers! †¦ I won’t wear them!’ â€Å" (Williams 120). Similarly the imagery of the powder puffs implies that Laura is the perfect young woman that Amanda invisions of her. With Amanda putting the powder puffs down Laura’s dress she is trying to envision Laura as a perfect young woman. But Laura just is not this perfect girl who everyone loves and adores like Amanda wants to see Laura as. The imagery of Laura’s deceivingly good figure signifies that people will perceive her as a perfect young woman. Nora and Janie’s imagery of the past and their memories is used against them to paint false images of their identities. Near the end of the play, Torvald has just found out of what Nora had done in the past to save him and utters this simple and resonant statement, â€Å"And I must sink to such miserable depths because of a thoughtless woman!† (72). With this sentence Torvald is making Nora seem like a terrible woman who is mindless to any thought of her husband. Even though much earlier in the play Nora tells Mrs.Linde that she only borrowed money so that her husband wouldn’t die from his illness. Torvald just judges Nora’s image by her actions, not the motives behind her actions. And this paints an entirely false image of Nora as being thoughtless and uncaring about her husband. When in any case Nora was just looking out for her husband, being anything but thoughtless and uncaring. The Victorian society Nora lives in is also as cruel to someone in her position. It goes without saying that the man is always the one to handle the money and the well being of the family. And by Nora borrowing money by herself she is breaking the rigid gender roles that their society has set in place for women. So society will also look down on Nora as a disgraceful woman because of her past actions. Janie is in a similar situation when coming home from the Everglades is judged by her neighbors. â€Å"They passed nations through their mouths. They sat in judgement. Seeing the woman as she was made them remember the envy they had stored up from other times. So they chewed up the back parts of their minds and swallowed with relish,† (1-2). The people of Eatonville, especially the women had always been jealous of the attention Janie had gotten from men for her looks. And with the knowledge that Janie had ran off with a younger man in the past the people think of Janie as a absurd fool. But they don’t know that Janie with all her suffering and joy that she lived through is incredibly wise. The imagery of Janie’s actions or more so the memory of her actions, has the people of her community believing that Janie is nothing more than a lost old woman, falling for the false love of a young man. Janie’s individuality as a woman who is wise and has lived through many tough times is taken away from her as Eatonville reduces her to just a love sick woman. Hurston, Williams, and Ibsen use the imagery of objects to display how people on the outsides of the characters lives perceive them and their individuality. When Jim is over at the Wingfields apartment Laura is telling of how much she loves the unicorn from her glass menagerie. â€Å" You see how the light shines through him? †¦ I shouldn’t be partial but he is my favorite one Haven’t you noticed the single horn on his forehead? †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (143-144). The imagery of Laura’s favorite glass ornament, the unicorn, represents how people in society see Laura. Like the unicorn which light shines through, Laura’s disposition and identity is completely see through. Every facet of her personality is easy to see as she is but a incredibly shy and timid girl. Laura’s love for the unicorn is because of it’s peculiarity of the horn that separates him from the other glass horses in her collection. The imagery of this unique glass unicorn represents Laura’s own individual separation from other girls. Everyone notices that Laura is uniquely different, like her glass unicorn she loves so much.In the same way as the unicorn describes Laura, the Christmas tree in the Helmer’s home describes Nora. â€Å"Hide the Christmas tree carefully Helen. Be sure the children do not see it till this evening, when it is dressed †¦ And what is in this parcel? No no! you mustn’t see that until this evening,† (5 7). The image of the splendid and elusive Christmas tree in A Doll’s House expresses how Nora’s identity is seen by the society around her. The Christmas tree serves the function as an ornament in the household and Nora just like the tree is ornamental in the home. She doesn’t take care of the children, or have a job, she just decorates and dresses up for the people of the house as well as the visitors. And as a decoration Nora isn’t able to voice her own opinion or let her identity shine through the pretty things that accessorize her. Nora’s identity is hidden away throughout the play and as the Christmas tree is hid from the children, Nora’s dress is hidden from Torvald so he will not see her. Nora’s identity is hidden from not only the people she knows but also the one’s she is closest to. She is not able to be herself as society shuns Nora’s true identity, as the loving wife she is that would do anything for her husband, such as borrow money without his consent so he can live. Janie is also in Laura and Nora’s situation as the people in her community judge her actions and therefore her identity because of her hair. â€Å"What dat ole forty year ole ‘oman doin’ wid her hair swingin’ down her back lak some young gal?† (2). Just like the two women in the other pieces of literature, the image of Janie’s long hair is utilized by Hurston to show how Janie’s community in Eatonville doesn’t recognize Janie’s true identity. The women on the porch mention that Janie looks like a foolish old woman with her hair all the way down her back like some young woman. The women of Eatonville think Janie is trying to be like a young woman as she has run off with a young man and is now coming back with her hair no longer tied up. This is not the true image of Janie as she is not trying to be a young woman. After all the life that Janie has experienced she keeps her hair down to show that she no longer cares what people in society think of her. But the image of her loose hair to the rest of her society is of a very rebellious and foolish old woman. They want to see her as a married woman being under the thumb of her husband and not as herself. Even though now Janie is trying to show her true identity the community won’t accept that and is blinding themselves by only focusing on her hair to critique Janie in the way they want to think of her. The three authors use the imagery of speech to the character to shape their false identity in the eyes of their family. One day in the store Joe get’s frustrated with Janie’s poor job at cutting some tobacco and insults her about her age. â€Å"A woman stay round uh store till she get old as Methusalem and still can’t cut a little thing like a plug of tobacco!† (78). The image of Methuselah that Joe says to describe Janie is used to show how Joe and Eatonville see Janie when she is in the store. Methuselah is a man from the Bible that is known to be the oldest person to ever live. The allusion to this character is said by Joe to make Janie feel like she is so old that she is ancient. It insults Janie and her character, making her seem old and inefficient for not being able to cut a plug of tobacco after all the time she spends in the store. Eatonville after hearing what Joe has spoken of Janie can see her as an elderly woman who still can’t do simpl e chores around the store. In a likewise manner Amanda says some harsh words to Laura for dropping out of business college and hiding it from her. â€Å"You did all this to deceive me, just for deception? †¦ We won’t have a business career- we’ve given that up because it gave us nervous indigestion! †¦ barely tolerated spinsters living upon the grudging patronage of sister’s husband or brothers wife!† (93-94). In the same way Amanda’s image placed on Laura when she learns she dropped out of business college in secret is used by Williams to show that Amanda see’s Laura as a weak girl with no identity to her. The image of Laura is that she is a fragile girl with little to no way to support herself having left the one opportunity she had to make a future for herself. The imagery of Amanda’s words that Williams writes twists the picture of Laura into a thoughtless and selfish girl, not thinking about anything but her own personal desires. But her identity is not as a thoughtless girl but as a shy and caring young woman. She is seen as continually concerned for her brother, but still throughout most of the play Amanda see’s Laura as being just self involved. The false image of Laura as being self absorbed is enforced by the imagery of Amanda’s harsh words about dropping out of business college. In opposition to Janie and Laura, the pet names Torvald uses for Nora as terms of endearment are actually very insulting terms to her. â€Å"Is my little squirrel come home? †¦ The same little featherhead! †¦ Come come my little skylark, †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (6-7). Comparably Torvald’s words to Nora are suppose to be endearing but with the knowledge of what the animals are is used to paint an unflattering picture of Nora. Squirrels are animals with very small brains and that are generalized as being unintelligent. A featherhead isn’t an animal, but it is implying that Nora’s head isn’t filled with a brain, but is instead filled with feathers. Nothing substantial t hat she can actually make her own thoughts with. Torvald with this term of endearment is suggesting that Nora doesn’t have a brain but just feathers in her head. Furthermore a skylark is a bird that nests on the ground, then being easily destroyed and that are not very distinctive in coloring. This name makes Nora seem plain and foolish. With these pet names of animals that are ordinary Torvald through the imagery of his words is insinuating that Nora is plain and not very bright. Torvald is also putting himself above Nora with his words. He is making it seem like he is the all important person of the house and that he is better than Nora because he is intelligent. Nora’s individuality is taken away from her with Torvald putting above himself and putting her in the background. Nora has no identity when she is with Torvald as he puts her so below himself that he doesn’t believe she can be herself. Tennessee Williams, Henrik Ibsen, and Zora Neale Hurston use the imagery in their works associated with their lead females to portray how society’s views of people is usually false and undermines their individuality. How people are viewed by what they wear, what they own, their past, and what people say to them is a simple way to miss a person’s true identity. These generalized views are easily broken apart when evidence of people’s character is put forward, and this is what get’s society into trouble. These three authors aren’t just writing literature, they are making a statement on how society works. Including how society is wrong and how generalizations about types of people need to be broken in the collective minds of the people so every person is seen as themselves and not as a stereotype. To give everyone their own voice without being prejudged by society’s absurd expectations.

Globalization and Regional Institutions Essay examples -- international

In the field of human rights, the issues surrounding globalization are widely debated. Some argue that globalization is a scourge that destroys the unique and multifaceted cultures of the world; while others argue that it spreads universal ideals, such as the concept of human rights. Regional organizations fit into the idea of globalization by creating unifying ties between nations; sharing values, trade, and promoting a strengthened identity. The two most well-known and influential regional organizations are the European Union (EU), and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). While these two are the largest, they inspired many smaller organizations; a process which has increased the liberalization of international trade (Ardalan, 2). Regional organizations are distinct from the ideas of a supranational government or the formation of a nation-state, although common policies may be implemented through the enforcement of treaties; each state ultimately maintains governmental control (Ardalan, 5). Regional organizations, refers to organizations that extend across regional areas, they often have strong ties to political and economic areas, and can influence the member states within their boundaries. Globalization denotes both a process and an outcome, created by the sharing of values and technological advances shared internationally. Relationships between member-states are enhanced, such as by the advent of a common currency, such as 18 states of the European Union that use the Euro (European Commission). Values are spread throughout regional organizations, once again we can look to the European Union, to see how socialized schooling once found in some member countries was dissolved to conform to the desired standard, ... ...peace operations. Global Governance, 19(3), 377+. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.libproxy.wlu.ca/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA341129378&v=2. 1&u=wate18005&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=7ba9d7d00b335ed7392305169958 593b Legler, T. F. (2012). The shifting sands of regional governance: the case of Inter-American democracy promotion. Politics & Policy, 40(5), 848+. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.libproxy.wlu.ca/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA309727752&v=2.1&u= wate18005&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=820ae530c5fee2f671440f99e21dbb46 Nagheli, S., Nagheli, E., & Sadeghi, B. (2013). The impact of foreign direct investment and regional integration on poverty reduction case study: D8 countries. Advances in Environmental Biology, 1412+. Retrieved from: http://go.galegroup.com.libproxy.wlu.ca/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA347003716&v=2.1&u= wate18005&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=c7dfc8771eaf17febe13d068035b0240 Globalization and Regional Institutions Essay examples -- international In the field of human rights, the issues surrounding globalization are widely debated. Some argue that globalization is a scourge that destroys the unique and multifaceted cultures of the world; while others argue that it spreads universal ideals, such as the concept of human rights. Regional organizations fit into the idea of globalization by creating unifying ties between nations; sharing values, trade, and promoting a strengthened identity. The two most well-known and influential regional organizations are the European Union (EU), and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). While these two are the largest, they inspired many smaller organizations; a process which has increased the liberalization of international trade (Ardalan, 2). Regional organizations are distinct from the ideas of a supranational government or the formation of a nation-state, although common policies may be implemented through the enforcement of treaties; each state ultimately maintains governmental control (Ardalan, 5). Regional organizations, refers to organizations that extend across regional areas, they often have strong ties to political and economic areas, and can influence the member states within their boundaries. Globalization denotes both a process and an outcome, created by the sharing of values and technological advances shared internationally. Relationships between member-states are enhanced, such as by the advent of a common currency, such as 18 states of the European Union that use the Euro (European Commission). Values are spread throughout regional organizations, once again we can look to the European Union, to see how socialized schooling once found in some member countries was dissolved to conform to the desired standard, ... ...peace operations. Global Governance, 19(3), 377+. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.libproxy.wlu.ca/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA341129378&v=2. 1&u=wate18005&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=7ba9d7d00b335ed7392305169958 593b Legler, T. F. (2012). The shifting sands of regional governance: the case of Inter-American democracy promotion. Politics & Policy, 40(5), 848+. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.libproxy.wlu.ca/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA309727752&v=2.1&u= wate18005&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=820ae530c5fee2f671440f99e21dbb46 Nagheli, S., Nagheli, E., & Sadeghi, B. (2013). The impact of foreign direct investment and regional integration on poverty reduction case study: D8 countries. Advances in Environmental Biology, 1412+. Retrieved from: http://go.galegroup.com.libproxy.wlu.ca/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA347003716&v=2.1&u= wate18005&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=c7dfc8771eaf17febe13d068035b0240

Btc Pipeline: Turkish Delight or Russian Roulette?

INTRODUCTION Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline is an oil pipeline that transports crude oil Caspian Sea to the Turkish coast, over three countries. BTC Company is a joint venture company responsible for the construction and operation of the whole $4bn pipeline, led by BP as majority shareholder. Spread across Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey largest cross-border infrastructure construction project in the world dubbed the â€Å"contract of the century†. Financing was agreed after over two years of appraisal of the potential environmental and social impacts relating to the project.An underlying strategy is to reduce dependency on OPEC oil producers in the turbulent Middle East and to avoid Russia seen by America as a resurgent superpower. Aside from indirect benefits; Georgia and Turkey gain financial benefits through transit fees and Azerbaijan through the royalties and tax revenues, However, BTC co. encountered several social and environmental issues during the construction of the 1768km pipeline. Limited routing options meant encountering geo-hazard risks, potential harm and disturbance of communities and natural habitat, temporary land acquisition, revenue management and a volatile political environment.Thus this project received intense scrutiny by stakeholders and press for its lack in humility and effectiveness in resolving political, social, developmental and security concerns. THE OBJECTIVE/GOALS Stakeholder map. A visual mapping of parties that affect or about affected by an organization, strategy and in this case a project. Helps us identify the expectations and power of different stakeholders, this understand what ethical issues dilemmas are to be understood and resolved. METHOD / FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS We have chosen a normative approach (what should be done) for our analysis as opposed to a descriptive approach (how it is done).Generate solutions that enforce behaviorally standards; as we already have detailed evidence showing how it is done. Moral absolutism will be used by clearing stating what is right and wrong; which be rationally determined in order to come up with a universal applicable solution. This helps us come up with an objective stand-point on the subject. There will be examination of traditional ethical theories such as consequentialist and non-consequentialist approaches and stakeholder theories and new age concepts namely, corporate citizenship to help us justify our absolute perspective in solving the ethical dilemmas.THE MAIN ISSUES AND DILEMMAS BP FACE IN THIS CASE Political instability Pipeline Security Human Right Abuses Corruption Poor governance High expectations from local community Environmental Risks and Risk Assessment Intense scrutiny by pressure groups and media Land Acquisition and Land Compensation HOW WOULD YOU EVALUATE BP’S APPROACH TO SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT FOR THE LOCAL COMMUNITY? BP set up a Regional Sustainability Development program (RSDP) t o proactively address issues. Social 1) Community Investment Program ($20m addressed to social issues)-in Azerbaijan set with largely international groups-in Turkey with local Turkish organizationswith universities and private consultants firmsBP set up a monitoring and complaints procedure | Economical 1) Regional Development Initiative ($25m designed to accompany over 10yrs after opening) 2) Set up of local coordinators and in consultation with local community. ) Focus was improvement of local infrastructure in road and civil construction 4) Projects aimed at agriculture and skill development| Environmental 1) Environmental Investment Program (to ecological issues)| CEO Lord Browne appointed a Caspian Development Advisory Panel, which provided recommendations such as assembly of an external body to conduct periodic reviews.ASSESS THE APPROACH FROM A PERSPECTIVE OF UTILIARIANISM AND DEONTOLOGY? According to utilitarianism,an action is morally right if it results in the greatest amo unt of good for the greatest number of people affected by the action Based on cost? benefit analysis Rule utilitarianism * looks at classes of action and ask whether the underlying principles of an action produce more pleasure than pain for society in the long runStakeholder| Cost| Benefit| BP and BTC & co| * $25m +$20m programs * Opportunity cost * Failure of local actors * Subjected to a corrupt environment * Misuse of revenue * Complaints from locals| * Good Reputation * Helping society * Compliance| Financiers| % of investments go to CSR| * Mitigation of social development risks that would result to additional costs| Communities| Unfair treatmentHuman right abusesIssue of compensationLocal political divisions- 1 blood feud| * Financial investment in society and development projects * Structure in place for communication * First commercial strawberry farm| Government| External involvement of governance| * Investment for national development * Availability of resources| Pressure G roups| Alleged TortureHuman rights abuses| * Raised awareness of internal politics| Employees and Contractors| Unfair treatment| * Job Opportunities * Economic support| Environment| Destruction and disturbance of the environment| * Structure of a program to address issues| Agencies and NGO’s| Lack of credibility Public scrutiny | * Displayed support from BP * Increased involvement | Work from a German philosopher Immanuel Kant who development a theoretical framework called â€Å"categorical imperative†. This meant that this framework applied to every moral issue regardless of who is involved. It is made out of three maxims; which are: 1) Consistency throughout any situation ) Treat humanity always as an end and never as a means. 3) Universally acceptable These two theories introduce the issue of subjectivity due to intellectual scrutiny. ASSESSMENT FROM RIGHTS AND JUSTICE. HOW DOES IT DIFFER? Rights and justice is â€Å"based on a consensus about nature of human digni ty†. It is objective in that it conceptualized on natural rights that â€Å"certain basic, important, unalienable entitlements that should be respected and protected in every single action. † In addition Ethics of justices means fair procedures and fair outcomes. A violation of these rights means the approach is seen as unethical. BP’s poor social and environmental assessment led to a display of lack of humility.SCOPE OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR MNC OPERATING IN ENVIRONMENTS OF CORRUPTION AND POOR GOVERNANCE. How far should BP made be responsible? Arguments against The corporation should solely be accountable to its shareholders in order to protect investments. In support of this argument, Milton Friedman published an article titled, â€Å" The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. † Stating only humans have moral responsibilities, managers should act in interests of its shareholders and social issues and problems are for governments to h andle. Another perspective is that of Archie Carroll’s four-part model of CSR. Stating that CSR can be met by going through each level consecutively. Arguments forCSR seems to be widely accepted because of enlightened self-interests. However, corporations are now perceived assume a social actors, not only because of legislation but companies rely on the contribution of other parties. It now exists in a society. Thus, the introduction of corporate citizenship, in which the company acknowledges an extended political role. Obtaining citizenship means entitlement of civil, social and political rights; which are attached to responsibilities. Social rights (i. e. freedom to participate in society): BP provider / ignorer Civil rights (i. e. freedom from abuses): BP disabler/ enabler Political righs (i. e. right to participate in process of governance): BP chanelling / blockingTransparency International Corruption Perception Index| Year| Turkey| Azerbaijan| Georgia| 2002| 64| 95| 85| 2003| 77| 124| 124| 2006| 60| 130| 99| It can be argued that BP has fuelled the level of corruption as seen in the figures above. Therefore have to commit them to solving this social problem. What is the appropriate way for BP to respond to its on-going criticism? Virtue ethics Transparency Expose finding Protection Acts Auditing Body Discourse ethics Dialogue and Stakeholder Engagement Effective Complaint Procedure – eg. Response period Right to Information Systems in Place Land Ownership options Introduce this all over Azerbaijan not only Baku

Manipulation In Animal Farm, By George Orwell - 810 Words

The definition of manipulation is the act of controlling someone in a skillful or clever manner. In the story of Animal Farm written by George Orwell, he successfully promotes manipulative behaviour through many of the characters. George Orwell strategically combines fiction with political satire which creates humorous criticism. He allows the reader to understand the mental and physical changes a person could go through living under totalitarian power. This controlling behaviour causes people to grow fearful and very cautious because of the constant worry for their safety. In the story of Animal Farm, the persuasive characters use their intelligence to project a negative quality of a person in order for them to obtain their dictatorship,†¦show more content†¦This situation shows Napoleon’s manipulative behaviour. A normal day under Napoleons rule is attending morning meetings then performing their specified jobs. The oppressed animals are constantly watched by the ferocious watch dogs making them scared to freely voice their opinion. However, the frequent chant of â€Å"Napoleon is always right† (Orwell 48) contradicts their first thought of Napoleon’s odd way of ruling. Squealer reminds the animals with the following statement â€Å"One false step, and our enemies would be upon us. Surely, comrades, you do not want Jones back† (Orwell 56). Squealer persistently tells his fellow comrades to follow the rules, if they do not want the farm to fail. The thought of Jones coming back makes the animals fearful of failing. Napoleon continues to gain trust from the comrades because there is no animal, on the farm, willing to go against their leader. At this point, Napoleon is now understanding the hard work that goes into running a farm. Napoleon decides to conversate with humans that can buy the needed supplies from the town stores. When the animals heard about the newly made agreement, they were stunned. Animals that have any relations with humans were seen as a traitor. Napoleon thenShow MoreRelatedCharacterization In Animal Farm790 Words   |  4 Pageswhich.† Orwell wrote Animal Farm as an allegory based on problems resulting from the Russian Revolution. In Animal Farm, George Orwell uses tone, characterization, and stylistic elements to show that people in power use manipulation to stay in power. George Orwell uses characterization to show Napoleon’s character development throughout the story. Orwell uses characterization in Animal Farm to show how Napoleon went from an ordinary pig to the dictator. In the beginning of Animal Farm, whileRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1545 Words   |  7 Pagesallow because an this elite institution of people often use this gear to dominate and oppress society. In George Orwell’s story, Animal Farm, Orwell demonstrates that education is a powerful weapon and is a device that can be used to at least one’s benefit. Living in a world where strength is a straightforward to benefit, the pigs quick use education to govern the relaxation of the animals on the farm to serve themselves worked to their advantage. This story in shows the underlying message that   firstRead MoreEducation In Animal Farm, By George Orwell1537 Words   |  7 Pagesallow because an this elite institution of people often use this gear to do minate and oppress society. In George Orwell’s story, Animal Farm, Orwell demonstrates that education is a powerful weapon and is a device that can be used to at least one’s benefit. Living in a world where strength is a straightforward to benefit, the pigs quick use education to govern the relaxation of the animals on the farm to serve themselves worked to their advantage. This story in shows the underlying message that   firstRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm942 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Orwells Animal Farm (1945) is an illustrious political novella which delineates the fact that the Utopian Ideology of communism is not perfect. Orwells eagerness to express his view on the Russian Republic led him to produce his satirical and metaphoric masterpiece; Animal Farm. The fictitious text based on the events manifest in the Russian Revolution show how communism fails as power corrupts minds, displayed in the novella with Animalism. Napoleon, the main protagonist por trays theRead MoreSymbolism and Allegory in Animal Farm1657 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolism and allegory in three aspects of Animal Farm : Old major, The Windmill and The Seven Commandments George Orwell uses symbols throughout the novel Animal Farm to show how the upper class groups use manipulation to their advantage. Animal Farm in simple terms is the allegory of a revolution gone sour. 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Using the nine dogs that Napoleon raises (intimidation)Read MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell999 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm Essay George Gurdjieff was an influential spiritual teacher in the early twentieth century. He references in the following quote that when one is uneducated he will always remain a slave. â€Å"Without self knowledge, without understanding the working and functions of his machine, man cannot be free, he cannot govern himself and he will always remain a slave.† (Gurdjieff) This ties in with how the animals are treated in George Orwell’s Animal Farm. Animal Farm is a novella about animals whoRead MoreCharacteristic Of A Lion In Animal Farm, By George Orwell1668 Words   |  7 Pagesemotions such as if someone is larger, then they are depicted as dominant, or a person who smiles is considered friendly. The same process can happen in relation to the animal kingdom. A lion is considered noble or brave. When a person thinks about animals, they consider different human characteristics. In Animal Farm, by George Orwell, the book portrays these characteristics by creating pigs as lea ders and dogs as followers, and horses as hard workers. This book is read in schools throughout the country